@article {1321,
	title = {SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization: Automated mass-digitization line for individual insect specimens},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {We present a novel solution for mass-digitization of individual insects. Each specimen will receive a unique ID, and the basic metadata including taxon name will be databased with the ID. A specially designed conveyer belt is being used in the imaging. On the imaging line, plastic pallets made with 3D-printers carry the specimens to the imaging unit. The insect is automatically imaged from above, and the labels attached to the pin are imaged from the side. The underside of labels will be visible through a mirror. At the moment, imaging line is applied to objects between 0.5 {\textendash} 30 mm in length, and the peak performance is around 500 specimens /day. 
This system is being used to process collections donated to the Finnish Museum of Natural History. Digitarium receives collections, and disassembles them, driving them through the automatic digitization line and placing them in units. After digitization, the specimens and produced data will be delivered in taxonomical order to FMNH. The original collection cabinets and drawers will not follow the specimens to the museum. From images, further metadata from the labels can be transcribed.   
},
	keywords = {automation, conveyor belt, digitarium, digitization, Finnish Museum of Natural History, insects, SPNHC 2014, SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/spnhc2014/04_Digitarium_SPNHC2014_Cardiff_25062014.pdf},
	author = {Riitta Tegelberg and Janne Karppinen and Tero Mononen and Mira S{\"a}{\"a}skilahti and Hannu Saarenmaa}
}
@article {1318,
	title = {SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization: Creating a Swedish Digital Natural History Collection, e-BioColl.se},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {Natural history collections constitute the major source of data for research in phylogenetics and systematics, and provide crucial information for analyses of long-term trends in ecology and environmental sciences. Recent mass-digitization efforts have opened up such collections abroad for transformative e-science approaches, but research dependent on Swedish objects is left behind. Out of an estimates 33 million Swedish specimens, almost 90\% are unavailable digitally, and it will take hundreds of years to eliminate this backlog at the current pace of digitization.
To address this problem and provide a proof-of-concept version of an e-science platform for Swedish natural history collections allowing complete digitization within 10 years we plan to develop and test standardized, re-usable, industrial-level digitization processes where innovation and automation will bring down the cost of obtaining specimen images and geospatial and taxonomic metadata from specimen labels. Robotic techniques employed to image insect collections, and automated text recognition and citizen-science based crowd sourcing for extracting information from specimen labels during the digitization of 1.4 million specimens in the Gothenburg herbarium will provide a full-scale feasibility test of tools and concepts. The digitized information will immediately support outstanding research in Sweden and elsewhere on this unique material, and boost international initiatives (e g GBIF, LifeWatch and IPBES).},
	keywords = {automation, Citizen Science, digitization, e-BioColl.se, e-science, optical character recognition, SPNHC 2014, SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/spnhc2014/01_SPNHC_NRM_140626_KarinKarlsson.pdf},
	author = {Karin Karlsson and Ericson, Per and Fredrik Ronquist and Anders Telenius and Stefan Daume and Kevin Holston}
}
@article {1322,
	title = {SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization: Image segmentation in high throughput digitisation workflows},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {Advances in imaging technologies have made the acquisition of high throughput, multi-specimen images a trivial task. However, the subsequent movement of specimens (e.g. due to curatorial or research activity) breaks the synchronisation between the physical collection and its digital representation, degrading the value of multi-specimen images over time. Furthermore, the data record of a single specimen cannot be unambiguously linked to its digital image with this approach. In order to realise the full potential of multi-specimen imaging technology, software is required to automate or semi-automate the segmentation of images into individual specimens and support subsequent annotation. We demonstrate a potential approach for two types of specimens: microscopic slides and pinned insects. This approach will form part of the large scale digitisation programme being developed at the NHM which has the ambitious goal of digitising 20 million specimens in the next five years.},
	keywords = {automation, digitization, insects, microscope slides, Natural History Museum, SPNHC 2014, SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization, synchronization},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/spnhc2014/05_BlagoderovEtAl_ImageSegmentation_sm.pdf},
	author = {Vladimir Blagoderov and Laurence Livermore and Ben Price and St{\'e}fan van der Walt and Pieter Holtzhausen and Vince Smith}
}
@article {1320,
	title = {SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization: Putting the contents of the Geological Museum on the web},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {The Museum of Practical Geology (Jermyn Street, 1851-1935) displayed most of the British Geological Survey{\textquoteright}s specimen collection. With the move to the Geological Museum and then to Nottingham (Keyworth, 1985 onwards) most items were consigned to drawers. The internet has provided the means to re-exhibit these collections. BGS has been at the forefront of collections digitization since the 1970s. By 2000, the collections had digital catalogues of varying completeness, and in October 2000 the borehole and rock catalogues went on line. By 2006, all the main collections had online text and GIS searches.
During the past five years, BGS has made high resolution digital images of various collections available, including building stones and 4000 early twentieth century glass plates of the Kidston palaeobotanical collection. 125,000 7216 x 5412 pixel images of UK Continental Shelf cores1 were made available online in 2012, a project requiring a conveyor belt and extensive use of barcodes. 100,000 rock thin sections2 were added in 2013. The most innovative project to date has been a collaboration between BGS, the National Museum Cardiff, the Sedgwick Museum Cambridge, the Oxford Museum of Natural History and the Geological Curators{\textquoteright} Group (representing other national, university and local museums) to create an online database3 of British macrofossil types.  The web portal provides data about each specimen, searchable on taxonomic, stratigraphic and spatial criteria. High resolution photographs, stereo anaglyphs and many 3d digital models are available. We are keen to share our experiences, particularly of 3d digital models.

1 https://www.bgs.ac.uk/data/offshoreWells/wells.cfc?method=searchWells
2 http://www.largeimages.bgs.ac.uk/iip/britrocks.html?id=250000/258489
3 http://www.3d-fossils.ac.uk/ 
},
	keywords = {3D models, automation, British Geological Survey, conveyor belt, digitization, fossils, SPNHC 2014, SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/spnhc2014/03_SPNHC_Digitization_Howe_P3_V2.pdf},
	author = {Mike Howe and Bob McIntosh and Simon Harris and Michela Contessi and Graham Tulloch}
}
@article {1327,
	title = {SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization: ZooSphere - A tool for automated spheric image capturing and interactive 3D visualization},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {Entomological collections, particularly the type specimens therein, are the fundament of the taxonomic research on insects. Since the beginning of collecting activities in the 18th century, some million type specimens (e.g. holotypes, lectotypes, paratypes.) are stored in museums worldwide. There are various threats to these collections: Valuable type specimens are damaged or even destroyed by museum beetles (e.g. Anthrenus verbasci) or moths (e.g. Teneola biselliella). Also changes and fluctuations in light exposure, temperature and high humidity may have negative effects on the objects. Especially the types are even more in danger by shipping them from the museums to specialists for their taxonomic work. 
To give full scientific access on the type specimens without shipping the valuable material across the globe, we developed a tool (ZooSphere) for automated image capture from about 400 positions around one specimen. A high resolution image with extremely high depth of focus is produced by using stacking technology in each position. The images will be freely available in the world wide web and will be displayed by a web-based tool developed for rotating and zooming the digital object in browsers. The same technology will be used for an interactive 3D presentation of the objects. 
The next steps are 1) joining the ZooSphere images with microCT images from internal specimen structures and 2) creating 3D models of the specimens by applying photogrammetric methods on the ZooSphere images.
},
	keywords = {3D, automation, digitization, Imaging, insects, Museum f{\"u}r Naturkunde Berlin, SPNHC 2014, SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization, ZooSphere},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/spnhc2014/10_kroupa\%20et\%20al\%20zoosphere.pdf},
	author = {Alexander S. Kroupa and Martin Pluta and Bernhard Schurian and Falko Gl{\"o}ckler}
}
