@conference {2417,
	title = {Accelerating Digitization of Biodiversity Research Specimens Through Online Public Participation},
	booktitle = {SPNHC 2015},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {EF-1115210, Presentation, SPNHC2015},
	author = {Ellwood, Elizabeth R. and Dunckel, Betty A. and Flemons, Paul and Guralnick, Robert P. and Nelson, Gil and Paul, Deborah L. and Riccardi, Greg and Rios, Nelson and Seltmann, Katja C. and Mast, Austin R.}
}
@conference {1621,
	title = {Accelerating Digitization of Biodiversity Research Specimens through Online Public Participation},
	booktitle = {Botany 2014},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {EF-1115210},
	url = {http://www.2014.botanyconference.org/engine/search/index.php?func=detail\&aid=692},
	author = {Elizabeth R. Ellwood and Betty Dunckel and Paul Flemons and Robert Guralnick and Nelson, Gil and Greg Newman and Paul, Deborah L. and Greg Riccardi and Nelson E. Rios and Katja Seltmann and Austin R. Mast}
}
@article {1998,
	title = {AntWeb: Building the online Global Ant Museum},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Digitizing Dried Insects Digitization Workshop},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/6/64/AntWeb_Droid_24April2013.pdf},
	author = {Brian Fisher}
}
@article {1112,
	title = {Archival Standards in Practice},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Digitizing from Source Materials},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/4/4f/Fidler_Archival_standards.pdf},
	author = {Christina V Fidler}
}
@conference {2441,
	title = {Areas of endemism in the Nearctic: a case study of 1,566 species of Miridae (Insecta: Hemiptera) and their plant hosts},
	booktitle = {Entomological Collections Network 2015},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {ECN2015, EF-1115210, Presentation},
	author = {Weirauch, Christiane and Schuh, Randall T and Seltmann, Katja C. and Schwarz, Michael and Johnson, Christine and Feist, Mary Ann and Soltis, Pamela S.}
}
@article {697,
	title = {Australian Museum Data capture of specimen labels using volunteers},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Databasing, LabelCapture, WorkFlows},
	url = {http://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Documents/23183/Data\%20Capture\%20of\%20specimen\%20labels\%20using\%20volunteers\%20-\%20Tann\%20and\%20Flemons\%202008.pdf},
	author = {John Tann and Paul Flemons}
}
@article {698,
	title = {Australian Museum Rapid Digitisation Project: A Guide to Handling and Digitising Archival Material {\textendash} Registers},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Digitisation, LabelCapture},
	url = {http://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Documents/22932/Archive\%20Training\%20Compressed.pdf},
	author = {L. Prater and R. Stephens and P. Flemons}
}
@inbook {701,
	title = {Biodiversity in a Rapidly Changing World: How to Manage and Use Information?},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Mobilization},
	url = {http://www.intechopen.com/source/pdfs/24422/InTech-Biodiversity_in_a_rapidly_changing_world_how_to_manage_and_use_information_.pdf},
	author = {Tereza C. Giannini and Tiago M. Francoy and Antonio M. Saraiva and Vera L. Imperatriz-Fonseca}
}
@article {1851,
	title = {Case study of reuse of digitised content by creative industry in games: Europeana Creative. },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {TDWG 2014},
	url = {http://www.tdwg.org/fileadmin/2014conference/slides/Frank_NHEGames.pdf},
	author = {Jiri Frank}
}
@article {1826,
	title = {Case study of reuse of digitised content by creative industry in games: Europeana Creative},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {TDWG 2014},
	url = {http://idigbio.adobeconnect.com/p12c1i3emuj/},
	author = {Jiri Frank}
}
@article {2198,
	title = {Citizen science: A symbiotic future for research and education using biological collections},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Small Collections Symposium SPNHC 2015, SPNHC 2015},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/4/43/Meineke_spnhc.pdf},
	author = {Emily Meineke and Steven D. Frank and Robert Dunn}
}
@article {929,
	title = {Cleaning data with OpenRefine},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Paleo Digitization Workshop},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/2/22/OpenRefine.pdf},
	author = {Una Farrell}
}
@article {1711,
	title = {Collection Digitization Process and Workflow },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Leveraging Digitization},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/7/7e/Fahy_SBMNH_VZ_workflow_iDigBio.pdf},
	author = {Krista Fahy}
}
@conference {1414,
	title = {A Computational- and Storage-Cloud for Integration of Biodiversity Collections},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 9th International Conference on e-Science},
	year = {2013},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Beijing, China},
	abstract = {A core mission of the Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio) project is the building and deployment of a cloud computing environment customized to support the digitization workflow and integration of data from all U.S. nonfederal biocollections. iDigBio chose to use cloud computing technologies to deliver a cyberinfrastructure that is flexible, agile, resilient, and scalable to meet the needs of the biodiversity community. In this context, this paper describes the integration of open source cloud middleware, applications, and third party services using standard formats, protocols, and services. In addition, this paper demonstrates the value of the digitized information from collections in a broader scenario involving multiple disciplines.},
	keywords = {appliances, biocollections infrastructure, biodiversity, cloud computing, data access, data store, digitization, EF-1115210},
	doi = {10.1109/eScience.2013.48},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eScience.2013.48},
	author = {Matsunaga, Andr{\'e}a and Thompson, Alex and Figueiredo, Renato J. and Germain-Aubrey, Charlotte C. and Collins, Matthew and Beaman, Reed S. and MacFadden, Bruce J. and Riccardi, Greg and Soltis, Pamela S. and Page, Lawrence M. and Fortes, Jos{\'e} A.B.}
}
@article {1195,
	title = {Crowdsourcing: Available Resources},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Biological Collections Digitization in the Pacific},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/2/26/Flemons_Hawaii2014_Available_Resources_Crowdsourcing_PF.pdf},
	author = {Paul Flemons}
}
@article {1191,
	title = {Crowd-sourcing, Public Participation, and Data Enrichment Using crowd-sourcing tools },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Biological Collections Digitization in the Pacific},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/c/c8/Crowd-sourcing\%2C_Public_Participation\%2C_and_Data_Enrichment_-_Using_crowd-sourcing_tools.pdf},
	author = {Nicole Fisher}
}
@article {1856,
	title = {The Current State of Arthropod Biodiversity Data: Addressing Impacts of Global Change},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {ECN 2014},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/b/b5/Cobb_Seltmann_Franz_ECN_2014_3.pdf},
	author = {Neil S. Cobb and Katja Seltmann and Nico Franz}
}
@article {1891,
	title = {Data mobilization from the perspective of a GBIF Node (in Portuguese)},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {SiBBr 2014},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/4/46/RuiFigueira_mobilizacao_dados.pdf},
	author = {Rui Figuera}
}
@article {2261,
	title = {Digital Fossils in the High School Classroom: Turning Promise into Practice},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {3D Digitization of Fossils for Educators \& Citizen Scientists},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/4/4b/Digital_fossils_in_the_high_school_classroom_turning_promise_into_practice.pdf},
	author = {Andrew Farke}
}
@article {1193,
	title = {Digitisation Workflows, Tools and Techniques- Whole drawer Imaging},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Biological Collections Digitization in the Pacific},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/c/cb/Digitization_Workflows\%2C_Tools\%2C_and_Techniques_-_Whole-drawer_imaging.pdf},
	author = {Nicole Fisher}
}
@article {1166,
	title = {Digitizing Activities in Australia },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Biological Collections Digitization in the Pacific},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/2/24/Flemons_Hawaii2014_DigitisinginAustralia_PF.pdf},
	author = {Paul Flemons}
}
@article {1829,
	title = {ENVIRONMENTS-EOL: identification of Environment Ontology terms in text and the annotation of the Encyclopedia of Life.},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {TDWG 2014},
	url = {http://idigbio.adobeconnect.com/p81as7n4a2c/},
	author = {Evangelos Pafilis and Sune Frankild and Lucia Fanini and Julia Schnetzer and Sarah Faulwetter and Christina Pavloudi and Aikaterini Vasileiadou and Christos Arvanitidis and ,Robert Stevenson and Lars Juhl Jense}
}
@article {1832,
	title = {ENVIRONMENTS-EOL: identification of Environment Ontology terms in text and the annotation of the Encyclopedia of Life.},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {TDWG 2014},
	url = {http://www.tdwg.org/fileadmin/2014conference/slides/Pafilis_EnvironmentsEOL.pdf},
	author = {Evangelos Pafilis and Sune Frankild and Julia Schnetzer and Lucia Fanini and Sarah Faulwetter and Christina Pavloudi and Aikaterini Vasileiadou and Umer Ijaz and Christos Arvanitidis and Robert Stevenson and Lars Juhl Jensen}
}
@article {922,
	title = {Georeferencing Paleontology Collections},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Paleo Digitization Workshop},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/4/4e/Georeferencing_paleo_collections.pdf},
	author = {Una Farrell and Jessica Utrup}
}
@article {1461,
	title = {Gepreferencing Concepts and Locality Types },
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {iDigBio Georeferencing Workshop Group (GWG), iDigBio GWG TTT 2},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/ttt2/GeoreferencingConceptsandLocalityTypes2013.pptx},
	author = {Una Farell}
}
@article {3520,
	title = {A Guide to Digitizing Insect Collections Using MANTIS and Following the Protocols of the Harvard MCZ Entomology Type Image Project},
	year = {2003},
	month = {08/2003},
	institution = {Harvard University},
	address = {Cambridge},
	abstract = {This guide is offered to help anyone wanting to database and / or digitally image their collections. It is written in very simple terms since this work should not require a computer expert.

This guide is based on digitizing a type collection so it is more rigorous and careful than may be necessary for other collections, particularly the archive protocol. The user should take or leave whatever information they feel is necessary. However, if the guide is to be used for a type collection, it is recommended that the degree of rigor, if not the actual protocol, be matched.

Three different imaging setups are described, from a very inexpensive solution to the top of the range. These descriptions are not intended to prescribe the best or only setups, but to inform others about the setups we are using now as a result of over 5 years research--much of this with limited budgets. We developed these under the guidance of Dr. Piotr Naskrecki, with early and continued assistance by Dr. Gary Alpert and Dr. Brian Farrell.

In a similar way we describe a Filemaker Pro implementation called MANTIS. It is one of many database solutions for managing taxonomic information, but is recommended since it is easy to use, runs on both PC and Mac and is can be downloaded free from the web. It is also the creation of Piotr Naskrecki.},
	keywords = {digital imaging, digitization, Digitization Workflow, entomology, insects},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/working-groups/INVI/Guide_to_digitizing.pdf},
	author = {Sarah Ashworth and Jennifer Fogarty}
}
@conference {546,
	title = {iConference2013: Improving the Character of Optical Character Recognition (OCR): iDigBio Augmenting OCR Working Group Seeks Collaborators and Strategies to Improve OCR Output and Parsing of OCR Output},
	booktitle = {iConference 2013},
	year = {2013},
	month = {02/2013},
	publisher = {iSchools},
	organization = {iSchools},
	address = {Ft. Worth, Texas},
	abstract = {There are an estimated 2 {\textendash} 3 billion museum specimens world {\textendash} wide (OECD 1999, Ari{\~n}o 2010). In an effort to increase the research value of their collections, institutions across the U. S. have been seeking new ways to cost effectively transcribe the label information associated with these specimen collections. Current digitization methods are still relatively slow, labor-intensive, and therefore expensive. New methods, such as optical character recognition (OCR), natural language processing, and human-in-the-loop assisted parsing are being explored to reduce these costs. The National Science Foundation (NSF), through the Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections (ADBC) program, funded Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio) in 2011 to create a Home Uniting Biodiversity Collections (HUB) cyberinfrastructure to aggregate and collectively integrate specimen data and find ways to digitize specimen data faithfully and faster and disseminate the knowledge of how to achieve this. The iDigBio Augmenting OCR Working Group is part of this national effort. - speed up the overall digitization process, - lower the cost, - improve overall efficiency, - assure digitized data is fit-for-use (NIBA 2010, Chapman 2005), and - provide the resulting digitized data records to researchers more quickly. The iDigBio Augmenting OCR (A-OCR) working group is actively engaged in identifying opportunities for collaboration to leverage OCR tools and technologies that are successful (both within and outside of the biology digitization domain) and disseminate these tools to the public or seek funding for development.},
	keywords = {EF-1115210, iConference2013, iDigBio, information analysis, information organization, information retrieval, information services, machine language, Natural Language, OCR, qualitative data analysis, research methods},
	doi = {10.9776/13493},
	url = {https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/42089/493.pdf?sequence=2},
	author = {Robert Anglin and Jason Best and Figueiredo, Renato and Gilbert, Edward and Gnanasambandam, Nathan and Gottschalk, Stephen and Haston, Elspeth and Heidorn, P. Bryan and Lafferty, Daryl and Lang, Peter and Nelson, Gil and Deborah L Paul and Ulate, William and Kimberly Watson and Zhang, Qianjin}
}
@article {283,
	title = {iDigBio Botany 2012 Symposium: Mobilizing New England Vascular Plant Specimen Data to Track Environmental Changes},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {This presentation was given by Patrick Sweeney, David Barrington, Charles Davis, Michael Donoghue, Erika Edwards, David Foster, Paul Morris, Chris Neefus, Richard Primack, Karen Searcy, Binil Starly, and Janet Sullivan at the iDigBio Botany 2012 Symposium.},
	keywords = {iDigBio Botany 2012 Symposium},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/botany2012/symposium/Sweeney_Botany2012_iDigBio.pdf},
	author = {Patrick Sweeney and David Barrington and Charles Davis and Michael Donoghue and Erika Edwards and David Foster and Paul Morris and Chris Neefus and Richard Primack and Karen Searcy and Binil Starly and Janet Sullivan}
}
@article {770,
	title = {iDigBio Cyberinfrastructure, Partnerships and Data},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Summit 3},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/summit3/idigbio_fortes_summit.pdf},
	author = {Jose Fortes}
}
@article {416,
	title = {iDigBio IT},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {iDigBio Paleocollections Workshop 2012},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/videos/slides/Fortes-CyberArchitecture-paleo.pptx},
	author = {Jose Fortes}
}
@article {415,
	title = {iDigBio IT},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {iDigBio Paleocollections Workshop 2012},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/videos/slides/Fortes-CyberArchitecture-paleo.pptx},
	author = {Jose Fortes}
}
@article {1031,
	title = {iDigBio Nuts \& Bolts: Appliances Present and Future},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Summit 3},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/summit3/summitIII-appliances.pdf},
	author = {Renato Figueiredo}
}
@article {350,
	title = {iDigBio Public Participation in Digitization of Biodiversity Specimens Workshop: EMu{\textquoteright}s in the Cloud - ruminations on interesting interfaces, efficient workflows and building an infrastructure for crowdsourced digitising that is open and integrated},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {Flemons, Paul. Team Lead, Atlas of Living Australia Biodiversity Volunteer
Portal. Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia. EMu{\textquoteright}s in the cloud{\textemdash}ruminations
   on interesting interfaces, efficient workflows and building an infrastructure for
  crowdsourced digitising that is open and integrated.
},
	keywords = {Public Participation in Digitization of Biodiversity Specimens Workshop},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/ppws-2012/flemons/Emu-in-the-Cloud_7.pptx},
	author = {Paul Flemons}
}
@article {1750,
	title = {iDigBio Search Portal CYWG},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Summit 2014},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/6/65/IDigBio_Search_Portal_CYWG_2014_gtv2--jf3.pdf},
	author = {Jose Fortes}
}
@article {1785,
	title = {iDigBio Search Portal CYWG},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Summit 2014},
	url = {http://vimeo.com/album/3113100/video/110788777},
	author = {Jose Fortes}
}
@article {384,
	title = {iDigBio Summit: iDigBio Technology, Cloud Computing and Appliances},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {iDigBio 2011 Summit},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/videos/idigbio-summit-Fortes-30NOV2011.mp4},
	author = {Jose Fortes}
}
@article {385,
	title = {iDigBio Summit: iDigBio Technology, Cloud Computing and Appliances},
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {iDigBio 2011 Summit},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/videos/slides/04_20111129_Architecture-summit.pptx},
	author = {Jose Fortes}
}
@article {460,
	title = {IDigBio Summit II: iDigBio Cyberinfrastructure },
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {IDigBio Summit II},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/summit2/Fortes_Summit_2012-v3.pptx},
	author = {Jose Fortes}
}
@article {716,
	title = {Initiating a Collection Digitization Project},
	year = {2008},
	keywords = {Mobilization},
	url = {http://www.gbif.org/orc/?doc_id=2176},
	author = {C. K. Frazier and J. Wall and S. Grant}
}
@article {717,
	title = {Innovative workflows for efficient data capture in an entomological collection: The MCZ Lepidoptera Rapid Data Capture Project},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Databasing, LabelCapture, UseCase, WorkFlows},
	url = {http://www.ecnweb.org/dev/files/12_Eastwood_2010.pdf},
	author = {P. Morris and R. Eastwood and L. Ford}
}
@article {1196,
	title = {Insect Soups: Enabling access to an underutilised and valuable resource},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Biological Collections Digitization in the Pacific},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/a/a8/Flemons_Hawaii2014_InsectSoup_PF.pdf},
	author = {Paul Flemons}
}
@article {687,
	title = {Inside Zoological Collections:~Perspectives of the Academic (Re)user},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {SPNHC, SPNHC 2013},
	url = {http://www.slideshare.net/oclcr/inside-zoological-collections-perspectives-of-the-academic-reuser},
	author = {Ixchel Faniel}
}
@article {679,
	title = {Introduction to a TCN:~PaleoNICHES},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {SPNHC, SPNHC 2013},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/spnhc2013/FarrellSPNHC2013.pdf},
	author = {Una Farrell}
}
@article {529,
	title = {Keeping  an Eye on Biology},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {339},
	year = {2013},
	month = {01/2013},
	pages = {408-409},
	type = {Essays on Science and Society},
	chapter = {408},
	abstract = {Genomic data sets offer opportunities for students to generate original findings without expensive laboratory equipment, extending the benefits of undergraduate research to the classroom (1{\textendash}4). Yet, working with data sets online can frustrate biology students who may miss connections to fascinating biological questions. Integrating organismal and molecular biology with bioinformatics can enhance student learning. We have developed a program in genomics, adapted for a plant (Chamaecrista fasciculata) and an animal (Aiptasia pallida), designed to support student learning with a Web-based guide (http://serc.carleton.edu/exploring_genomics/index.html) (see the first chart).},
	keywords = {education, genomics},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1229848},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6118/408.full},
	author = {Susan R. Singer and Jodi A. Schwarz and Cathryn A. Manduca and Sean P. Fox and Ellen R. Iverson and Benjamin J. Taylor and Steven B. Cannon and Gregory D. May and Sonja L. Maki and Andrew D. Farmer and Jeffrey J. Doyle}
}
@article {2271,
	title = {Keynote: Digital Fossils in the High School Classroom: Turning Promise into Practice~},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {3D Digitization of Fossils for Educators \& Citizen Scientists, Carr 211},
	url = {http://idigbio.adobeconnect.com/p2sq2er5tuj/},
	author = {Andrew Farke}
}
@article {1995,
	title = {Label Image Automation},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Digitizing Dried Insects Digitization Workshop},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/1/18/LabelAutomationFieldMusApril2013.pdf},
	author = {Nicola Ferrier and Mark Hereld}
}
@conference {2439,
	title = {Lifemapper{\textquoteright}s species distribution modeling based on iDigBio Biocollections},
	booktitle = {SPNHC 2015},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {EF-1115210, Presentation, SPNHC2015},
	author = {Stewart, Aimee and Matsunaga, Andr{\'e}a and Beach, James H. and Grady, C.J. and Cavner, Jeffrey and Fortes, Jos{\'e} A.B.}
}
@article {1377,
	title = {Lightning Talk:ScioQualis },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {TORCH VIII and iDigBio Workshop},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/c/c2/TORCH_ScioQualis.pdf},
	author = {Jocelyn Fenstermacher}
}
@conference {2110,
	title = {Mapping Specifications for Ranked Hierarchical Trees in Data Integration Systems},
	booktitle = {2014 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IRI 2014)},
	year = {2014},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {San Francisco, California, USA},
	abstract = {A popular approach to deal with data integration of heterogeneous data sources is to Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) data from disparate sources into a consolidated data store while addressing integration challenges including, but not limited to: structural differences in the source and target schemas, semantic differences in their vocabularies, and data encoding. This work focuses on the integration of tree-like hierarchical data or information that when modeled as a relational schema can take the shape of a flat schema, a self-referential schema or a hybrid schema. Examples include evolutionary taxonomies, geological time scales, and organizational charts. Given the observed complexity in developing ETL processes for this particular but common type of data, our work focuses on reducing the time and effort required to map and transform this data. Our research automates and simplifies the transformation from ranked self-referential to flat representations (and vice-versa), by: (a) proposing MSL+, an extension to IBM{\textquoteright}s Mapping Specification Language (MSL), to succinctly express the mapping between schemas while hiding the actual transformation implementation complexity from the user, and (b) implementing a transformation component for the Talend open-source ETL platform, called Tree Transformer (TT). We evaluated MSL+ and TT, in the context of biodiversity data integration, where this class of transformations is a recurring pattern. We demonstrate the effectiveness of MSL+ with respect to development time savings as well as a 2 to 25-fold performance improvement in transformation time achieved by TT when compared to existing implementations and to Talend built-in components.},
	keywords = {Data Integration, data transformation, EF-1115210, ETL, mapping language, self-referential schema},
	doi = {10.1109/IRI.2014.7051899},
	url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=7051899},
	author = {Soomro, Sarfaraz and Matsunaga, Andr{\'e}a and Fortes, Jos{\'e} A.B.}
}
@article {1860,
	title = {Micro-fogging at the SEMC: The theory, practice and results of 25 years with our heads in the clouds{\textellipsis}. of pyrethroids},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {ECN 2014},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/f/f3/Falin-2014ECN008.pdf},
	author = {Zack Falin}
}
@article {719,
	title = {Natural History Specimen Digitization: Challenges and Concerns},
	journal = {Biodiversity Informatics},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {93-112},
	keywords = {Mobilization},
	url = {https://journals.ku.edu/index.php/jbi/article/viewFile/3992/3806},
	author = {A. Vollmar and J. A. Macklin and L. S. Ford}
}
@article {1468,
	title = {Online Resources for Georeferencing},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {iDigBio Georeferencing Workshop Group (GWG), iDigBio GWG TTT 2},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/ttt2/OnlineResources2013.pptx},
	author = {Una Farrell}
}
@article {1790,
	title = {Paleoniches: digitizing fossils to enable new syntheses in biogeography},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Summit 2014},
	url = {http://vimeo.com/album/3113100/video/110832739},
	author = {Una Farrell}
}
@article {1758,
	title = {Paleoniches: digitizing fossils to enable new syntheses in biogeography},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Summit 2014},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/e/e7/UnaiDigBioSummit2014.pdf},
	author = {Una Farrell}
}
@article {786,
	title = {Paleoniches: digitizing fossils to enable new syntheses in biogeography},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Summit 3},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/summit3/Paleoniches.pdf},
	author = {Una Farrell}
}
@article {912,
	title = {Paleoniches: digitizing fossils to enable new synthesis in biogeography},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Paleo Digitization Workshop},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/2/2a/PaaleoNiches_Farrell.pdf},
	author = {Una Farell}
}
@article {994,
	title = {Paleoniches:digitizing fossils to enable new syntheses in biogeography},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Summit 3},
	url = {http://vimeo.com/album/2684234/video/84223541},
	author = {Una Farrell}
}
@article {2413,
	title = {Poster: ARPO-Augmented Reality for Public Outreach},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {EF-1115210, poster, SPNHC2015},
	author = {Basham, Melody A. and Mast, Austin R. and Franz, Nico M.},
	editor = {Holmes, Kody}
}
@article {760,
	title = {Poster: Improving the Character of Optical Recognition (OCR)},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {There are an estimated 2 {\textendash} 3 billion museum specimens world {\textendash} wide (OECD 1999, Ari{\~n}o 2010). In an effort to increase the research value of their collections, institutions across the U. S. have been seeking new ways to cost effectively transcribe the label information associated with these specimen collections. Current digitization methods are still relatively slow, labor-intensive, and therefore expensive. New methods, such as optical character recognition (OCR), natural language processing, and human-in-the-loop assisted parsing are being explored to reduce these costs. The National Science Foundation (NSF), through the Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections (ADBC) program, funded Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio) in 2011 to create a Home Uniting Biodiversity Collections (HUB) cyberinfrastructure to aggregate and collectively integrate specimen data and find ways to digitize specimen data faithfully and faster and disseminate the knowledge of how to achieve this. The iDigBio Augmenting OCR Working Group is part of this national effort. - speed up the overall digitization process, - lower the cost, - improve overall efficiency, - assure digitized data is fit-for-use (NIBA 2010, Chapman 2005), and - provide the resulting digitized data records to researchers more quickly. The iDigBio Augmenting OCR (A-OCR) working group is actively engaged in identifying opportunities for collaboration to leverage OCR tools and technologies that are successful (both within and outside of the biology digitization domain) and disseminate these tools to the public or seek funding for development.},
	keywords = {education, machine language, Natural Language Processing, NLP, optical character recognition, Outreach, poster},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/poster-files/ocr_dpaulposter.pdf},
	author = {Robert Anglin and Jason Best and Renato Figueiredo and Edward Gilbert and Nathan Gnanasambandam and Stephen Gottschalk and Elspeth Haston and P. Bryan Heidorn and Daryl Lafferty and Peter Lang and Gil Nelson and Deborah L. Paul and William Ulate and Kimberly Watson and Qianjin Zhang}
}
@article {1993,
	title = {Powering up Workflows with Volunteers and Division of Labour},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Digitizing Dried Insects Digitization Workshop},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/f/f3/IDigBio_DriedInsectWorkshop4.pdf},
	author = {Paul Flemons}
}
@article {1202,
	title = {Pre-digitisation curation: Getting collections ready for digitisation - Insects},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Biological Collections Digitization in the Pacific},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/b/b8/Pre-digitisation_curation-_Getting_collections_ready_for_digitisation_-_Insects.pdf},
	author = {Nicole Fisher}
}
@article {921,
	title = {Pre-Digitization Curation: What to do with fossils once we get them out of the ground},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Paleo Digitization Workshop},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/5/51/PredigitizationCuration.pdf},
	author = {Una Farrell and Jessica Utrup}
}
@conference {1824,
	title = {Reaching Consensus in Crowdsourced Transcription of Biocollections Information},
	booktitle = {2014 IEEE 10th International Conference on e-Science},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Oct/2014},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Guaruj{\'a}, Brazil},
	abstract = {Crowdsourcing can be a cost-effective method for tackling the problem of digitizing historical bio collections data, and a number of crowd sourcing platforms have been developed to facilitate interaction with the public and to design simple "Human Intelligence Tasks". However, the problem of reaching consensus on the response of the crowd is still challenging for tasks for which a simple majority vote is inadequate. This paper (a) describes the challenges faced when trying to reach consensus on data transcribed by different workers, (b) offers consensus algorithms for textual data and a consensus-based controller to assign a dynamic number of workers per task, and (c) proposes further enhancements of future crowd sourcing tasks in order to minimize the need for complex consensus algorithms. Experiments using the proposed algorithms show up to a 45-fold increase in ability to reach consensus when compared to majority voting using exact string matching. In addition, the controller is able to decrease the crowd sourcing cost by 55\% when compared to a strategy that uses a fixed number of workers.},
	keywords = {Accuracy, Approximation algorithms, biocollections infrastructure, biodiversity, consensus algorithms, crowdsourcing, digitization, EF-1115210, Heuristic algorithms, Materials, Optical character recognition software, Reliability},
	doi = {10.1109/eScience.2014.30},
	url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=\&arnumber=6972249},
	author = {Matsunaga, Andr{\'e}a and Mast, Austin and Fortes, Jos{\'e} A.B.}
}
@article {1780,
	title = {Reaching Consensus in Crowdsourced Transcription of Biocollections Information},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {Crowdsourcing can be a cost-effective method for tackling the problem of digitizing historical biocollections data, and a number of crowdsourcing platforms have been developed to facilitate interaction with the public and to design simple {\textquotedblleft}Human Intelligence Tasks{\textquotedblright}. However, the problem of reaching consensus on the response of the crowd is still challenging for tasks for which a simple majority vote is inadequate. This paper (a) describes the challenges faced when trying to reach consensus on data transcribed by different workers, (b) offers consensus algorithms for textual data and a consensus-based controller to assign a dynamic number of workers per task, and (c) proposes further enhancements of future crowdsourcing tasks in order to minimize the need for complex consensus algorithms. Experiments using the proposed algorithms show up to a 45-fold increase in ability to reach consensus when compared to majority voting using exact string matching. In addition, the controller is able to decrease the crowdsourcing cost by 55\% when compared to a strategy that uses a fixed number of workers.},
	keywords = {Citizen Science, crowdsourcing},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/internal-docs/presentations/matsunagacrowdsourcingescience2014-141106090530-conversion-gate01.pdf},
	author = {Matsunaga, Andr{\'e}a and Austin Mast and Fortes, Jos{\'e} A.B.}
}
@article {935,
	title = {The Salem College Herbarium },
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Small Herbarium Workshop FSU},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/0/0f/Helen-_Salem_College_Herbarium_florida_presentation.pdf},
	author = {Helen Fowowe}
}
@inbook {2111,
	title = {Simplifying Extract-Transform-Load for Ranked Hierarchical Trees via Mapping Specifications},
	booktitle = {Formalisms for Reuse and Systems Integration},
	series = {Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing},
	volume = {346},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {203-225},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	abstract = {A popular approach to deal with data integration of heterogeneous data sources is to Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) data from disparate sources into a consolidated data store while addressing integration challenges including, but not limited to: structural differences in the source and target schemas, semantic differences in their vocabularies, and data encoding. This work focuses on the integration of tree-like hierarchical data or information that when modeled as a relational schema can take the shape of a flat schema, a self-referential schema or a hybrid schema. Examples include evolutionary taxonomies, geological time scales, and organizational charts. Given the observed complexity in developing ETL processes for this particular but common type of data, our work focuses on reducing the time and effort required to map and transform this data. Our research automates and simplifies all possible transformations involving ranked self-referential and flat representations, by: (a) proposing MSL+, an extension to IBM{\textquoteright}s Mapping Specification Language (MSL), to succinctly express the mapping between schemas while hiding the actual transformation implementation complexity from the user, and (b) implementing a transformation component for the Talend open-source ETL platform, called Tree Transformer (TT). We evaluated MSL+ and TT, in the context of biodiversity data integration, where this class of transformations is a recurring pattern. We demonstrate the effectiveness of MSL+ with respect to development time savings as well as a 2 to 25-fold performance improvement in transformation time achieved by TT when compared to existing implementations and to Talend built-in components.},
	keywords = {Data Integration, data transformation, EF-1115210, ETL, flat schema, hierarchical tree, mapping language, MSL, schema mapping, self-referential schema},
	issn = {978-3-319-16576-9},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-16577-6_9},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16577-6_9},
	author = {Soomro, Sarfaraz and Matsunaga, Andr{\'e}a and Fortes, Jos{\'e} A.B.},
	editor = {Bouabana-Tebibel, Thouraya and Rubin, Stuart H.}
}
@article {927,
	title = {Specify 6; For Paleontology Collections},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Paleo Digitization Workshop},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/f/fa/Specify.pdf},
	author = {Una Farrell and Talia Karim}
}
@article {1618,
	title = {Temporal Calibration and Biochronology of the Centenario Fauna, Early Miocene of Panama},
	journal = {The Journal of Geology},
	volume = {122},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2014},
	chapter = {113},
	abstract = {New excavations along the Panama Canal have yielded a growing Early Miocene assemblage of mammals referred to as the Centenario Fauna. Despite the area{\textquoteright}s proximity to South America, the mammals of the Centenario Fauna have entirely North American affinities. The Centenario Fauna is distributed throughout a \~{}115-m stratigraphic interval encompassing the uppermost Culebra and Cucaracha Formations within the Panama Canal basin. Previously published ages constrain the age of the lower limit of the Centenario Fauna to no younger than \~{}19 Ma, but the upper limit has remained problematical. A fresh exposure of the Cucaracha tuff, a prominent marker horizon within our measured sections, has yielded two new radioisotopic determinations: (1) an 40Ar/39Ar age of 18.96 {\textpm} 0.90 Ma and (2) a U-Pb zircon age of 18.81 {\textpm} 0.30 Ma. In addition, magnetostratigraphic data indicate that the Centenario Fauna occurs within chron C5Er, from 18.78 to 19.05 Ma on the geomagnetic polarity timescale of Gee and Kent. These correlations further confirm the calibration of the latest Arikareean (Ar4) to early Hemingfordian (He1) transition in Nebraska, at the base of chron C5Er, at about 19.05 Ma. The Centenario Fauna occurs at the beginning of the Hemingfordian North American Land Mammal Age, i.e., He1. A broad faunal province existed during the early Hemingfordian that can be recognized across a north-south range of 5000 km throughout North America, with the southernmost limits defined by the Centenario Fauna of Panama.},
	keywords = {EF-1115210},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/action/showArticleInfo?doi=10.1086\%2F675244},
	author = {MacFadden, Bruce J. and Jonathan Bloch and Helen Evans and David Foster and Gary Morgan and Aldo Rincon and Aaaron Wood}
}
@article {1120,
	title = {Transcribing the Joseph Grinnell field notes},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Digitizing from Source Materials},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/c/cc/Fidler_transcription.pdf},
	author = {Christina V Fidler}
}
@article {1863,
	title = {Using buprestid monitoring tools for obtaining diverse collections of forest insects},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {ECN 2014},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/2/2e/MJDECN2014.pdf},
	author = {Michael Dominque and Joseph Francese and Warren Hellman and Melissa Fierke and Claire Rutledge}
}
@conference {2423,
	title = {WeDigBio: Worldwilde Engagement for the Digitization of Biocollections},
	booktitle = {SPNHC 2015},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {EF-1115210, Presentation, SPNHC2015},
	author = {Kimberly, Paul G. and Flemons, Paul K.J. and Guralnick, Robert P. and Mast, Austin R. and Ellwood, Elizabeth R. and Paul, Deborah L. and Love, Kevin J.}
}
@article {2291,
	title = {Workforce-efficient consensus in crowdsourced transcription of biocollections information},
	journal = {Future Generation Computer Systems},
	year = {2015},
	abstract = {Abstract Crowdsourcing can be a cost-effective method for tackling the problem of digitizing historical biocollections data, and a number of crowdsourcing platforms have been developed to facilitate interaction with the public and to design simple {\^a}{\texteuro}{\oe}Human Intelligence Tasks{\^a}{\texteuro}. However, the problem of reaching consensus on the response of the crowd is still challenging for tasks for which a simple majority vote is inadequate. This paper (a) describes the challenges faced when trying to reach consensus on data transcribed by different workers, (b) offers consensus algorithms for textual data, (c) implements a consensus-based controller to assign a dynamic number of workers per task and per field of a task, (d) proposes the use of clustering to further eliminate redundant work and (e) proposes enhancements of future crowdsourcing task assignments in order to minimize the need for complex consensus algorithms. Experiments using the proposed algorithms show multifold increase in the ability to reach consensus when compared to majority voting using exact string matching. In addition, the workforce controller is able to decrease the crowdsourcing cost per task and per task field by 37\% and 50\%, respectively, when compared to a strategy that uses a fixed number of workers. The accuracy of clustering is also good and it has the potential to increase the quality of tasks that can be clustered.},
	keywords = {biocollections infrastructure, biodiversity, consensus algorithms, crowdsourcing, digitization, EF-1115210},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2015.07.004},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X15002277},
	author = {Matsunaga, Andr{\'e}a and Mast, Austin and Fortes, Jos{\'e} A. B.}
}
@conference {2425,
	title = {The Worldwide Engagement for Digitization of Biocollections (WeDigBio) Event},
	booktitle = {Botanical Society of America 2015},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {BSA2015, EF-1115210, Presentation},
	author = {Mast, Austin R. and Kimberly, Paul and Flemons, Paul and Ellwood, Elizabeth and Love, Kevin and Paul, Deborah and Guralnick, Robert}
}
@conference {2515,
	title = {Worldwide Engagement for Digitizing Biocollections 2016: a call to the AsiaPacific region to participate in the WeDigBio Global Transcription Event!},
	booktitle = {23rd Pacific Science Congress},
	year = {2016},
	month = {06/2016},
	address = {Taipei, Taiwan},
	abstract = {During its inaugural year, the Worldwide Engagement for Digitizing Biocollections Event, WeDigBio
2015, involved thousands of citizen scientists from >50 countries in transcribing biodiversity specimen
labels from a variety of taxonomic groups over four days. Participants at onsite events at museums,
universities, and science classrooms, as well as those distributed individually throughout the world,
used online platforms at DigiVol, Les Herbonautes, Notes from Nature, Smithsonian Institution{\textquoteright}s
Transcription Center, and Symbiota to transcribe almost 30,000 specimen labels. During the event,
participants learned about collections and biodiversity, interacted with researchers, played games,
shared experiences via social media, and contributed to the growing database of digital biocollections
information. In 2016, WeDigBio is aiming to double the number of onsite events, online participants, and
completed transcriptions, and we encourage biodiversity institutions and citizen scientists within the
Asia-Pacific region to take part in activities. Resources are being developed to help make the event
even more fun, educational, and productive, such as: improvements to the dynamic dashboard at
wedigbio.org (http://wedigbio.org/) and enhanced interoperability with transcription platforms, lesson
plans for teachers, activities for participants at transcription events, and opportunities to interact with
transcribers across events. Certain platforms, such as DigiVol.org, can host images of specimens
from collections in the Asia-Pacific region needing assistance with transcription. WeDigBio 2016 can
be a way to increase the visibility of your biological collection, engage with local citizen scientists, and
expedite digitization, all while being a part of a well publicized global event. Consider being one of the
many online participants helping to mobilize biodiversity collections data, or hosting a WeDigBio event
at your collection, university, or classroom from October 2023, 2016. Learn more at wedigbio.org
(http://wedigbio.org/). },
	keywords = {poster, WeDigBio},
	url = {http://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/WeDigBio_Poster_PSC__final.pdf},
	author = {James, Shelley A. and Ellwood, Elizabeth R. and Kimberly, Paul G. and Guralnick, Robert P. and Flemons, Paul K.J. and Love, Kevin J. and Mast, Austin R.}
}
@conference {2521,
	title = {Worldwide Engagement for Digitizing Biocollections 2016: a call to the Flora Malesiana community to participate in the WeDigBio Global Transcription Event!},
	booktitle = {Flora Malesiana 10},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	address = {Edinburgh, UK},
	abstract = {During its inaugural year, Worldwide Engagement for Digitizing Biocollections, WeDigBio 2015, involved citizen scientists from >50 countries in transcribing biodiversity specimen labels from a variety of taxonomic groups over four days. Participants at onsite events at museums, universities, and science classrooms, along with individuals across the globe, used online platforms at DigiVol, Les Herbonautes, Notes from Nature, Smithsonian Institution{\textquoteright}s Transcription Center, and Symbiota to transcribe almost 30,000 specimen labels. Participants learned about collections and biodiversity, interacted with researchers, played games, shared experiences via social media, and contributed to the growing database of digital biocollections information.

WeDigBio 2016 is aiming to double the number of onsite events, online participants, and completed transcriptions, and we encourage herbaria and citizen scientists of the Flora Malesiana community to take part in activities. Resources are being developed to help make the event even more fun, educational, and productive, such as: improvements to the dynamic dashboard at wedigbio.org, enhanced interoperability with transcription platforms, lesson plans for teachers, activities for participants at transcription events, and interaction between transcribers across events. Certain platforms, such as DigiVol.org, can host images of specimens collections from the Malesian region needing transcription. WeDigBio 2016 can be a way to increase the visibility of your herbarium, engage with local citizen scientists, and expedite digitization of botanical specimens, while being a part of a well-publicized global event. Consider being one of the many online participants helping to mobilize biodiversity collections data, or hosting a WeDigBio event from October 20-23, 2016. Learn more at wedigbio.org.
},
	keywords = {poster},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/poster-files/WeDigBio_Poster_FlMal_small.pdf},
	author = {Ellwood, Elizabeth R. and James, Shelley A. and Kimberly, Paul G. and Guralnick, Robert P. and Flemons, Paul K.J. and Love, Kevin J. and Mast, Austin R.}
}
