@conference {2525,
	title = {Accessing Digital Collections Data Sources For Research {\textendash} A Tour of iDigBio Data Services},
	booktitle = {Island Biology 2016},
	year = {2016},
	month = {06/2016},
	address = {Terceira Island, Azores},
	abstract = {Digitized collection objects are an important resource for research analyses such as ecological niche modeling, morphological studies, and data gaps. National and international initiatives have resulted in an enormous number of standardized data records, hundreds of millions, becoming aggregated and made available for research use in the last few years. Some aggregators also offer tens of millions of images of museum specimens. Aggregators like the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) internationally, and the Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio) in the United States, provide several interfaces to their data sets: web based portals, application programming interfaces (APIs), and data processing services. This talk will provide an overview of what kinds of use cases these interfaces can serve, the trade-offs they make, and how to get started using them.
As a concrete example, the iDigBio portal{\textquoteright}s features will be demonstrated. The programming API will be described and examples of its use from the R programming language will be shown. iDigBio{\textquoteright}s data processing service, Global Unified Open Data Access (GUODA), which provides a high-performance method for analyzing entire biodiversity data sets, will be described as well.
},
	author = {Collins, Matthew and Paul, Deborah L.}
}
@article {1622,
	title = {Aiming Up: Natural History Collections as Emerging Resources for Innovative Undergraduate Education in Biology},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2014},
	month = {08/2014},
	chapter = {725},
	abstract = {There is an emerging consensus that undergraduate biology education in the United States is at a crucial juncture, especially as we acknowledge the need to train a new generation of scientists to meet looming environmental and health crises. Digital resources for biology now available online provide an opportunity to transform biology curricula to include more authentic and inquiry-driven educational experiences. Digitized natural history collections have become tremendous assets for research in environmental and health sciences, but, to date, these data remain largely untapped by educators. Natural history collections have the potential to help transform undergraduate science education from passive learning into an active exploration of the natural world, including the exploration of the complex relationships among environmental conditions, biodiversity, and human well-being. By incorporating natural history specimens and their associated data into undergraduate curricula, educators can promote participatory learning and foster an understanding of essential interactions between organisms and their environments.},
	keywords = {EF-1115210},
	url = {http://www.academia.edu/7991735/Natural_History_Collections_as_Emerging_Resources_for_Innovative_Education},
	author = {Joseph A. Cook and Scott Edwards and Eileen A. Lacey and Robert P. Guralnick and Soltis, Pamela S. and Douglas E. Soltis and Corey K. Welch and Kayce C. Bell and Kurt E. Galbreath and Christopher Himes and Julie M. Allen and Tracy A. Heath and Ann C. Carnaval and Kimberly L. Cooper and Mark Liu and James Hanken and Stefanie Ickert-Bond}
}
@article {2196,
	title = {AIM-UP!: Bringing big data to educators at small institutions},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Small Collections Symposium SPNHC 2015, SPNHC 2015},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/a/a3/Galbreath_spnhc.pdf},
	author = {Joe Cook and Kurt Galbreath}
}
@article {1254,
	title = {Alternative funding discoveries },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Small Collections},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/f/f0/Carter_Alternative_Funding_Discoveries.pdf},
	author = {Richard Carter}
}
@article {1474,
	title = {Arctos: A Collaborative, cost-efficient solution for managing and publishing biodiversity data in collections of all sizes},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {Small, regional collections face particular challenges in managing and publishing their data due to resource and staff limitations. Nonetheless, biodiversity data in these collections have significant value for society, especially if widely available for research, education, and conservation. Furthermore, broad publication of data helps in the recognition and therefore sustainability of such collections. Arctos (http://arctosdb.org) provides a robust, web-based, collaborative, and cost-efficient solution for managing and publishing data in collections of all sizes. Currently, Arctos serves over 2.1 million records from 24 institutions and 78 collections. Collection sizes range from 1 to over 264K specimens, with 52\% of the collections having <10K specimens. In addition to integrating access to diverse types of data and collections (e.g., vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, fossils, hosts and parasites, media, field notes), key features include collection-management and object tracking applications, projects and publications that track specimen usage, mapping tools, and partnerships with external web resources (e.g., GenBank). Records are published to biodiversity data portals such as VertNet, GBIF, and iDigBio. Arctos is co-managed by three large institutions but welcomes data from collections of all sizes, and provides services to help migrate and publish those data. All data are housed at the Texas Advanced Computing Center, and thus collection staff do not need to worry about servers, backups, or other technical support needs. Users form a strong community that contribute to data standards, application enhancements, and improved data quality. The collaborative, cost-efficient, and cross-disciplinary features make Arctos unique and well-suited for collections of all sizes and types
},
	keywords = {Small Collections Symposium SPNHC 2014},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/5/54/2014_Arctos_Small_Collections_SPNHC.pdf},
	author = {Carla Cicero and Link Olson and Joseph A. Cook and Michelle Koo and Dusty McDonald and Gordon Jarrell}
}
@article {700,
	title = {Avoiding twisted pixels: ethical guidelines for the appropriate use and manipulation of scientific digital images},
	journal = {Science and engineering ethics},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2010},
	pages = { 639-67},
	keywords = {Imaging},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20567932},
	author = {D. W. Cromey}
}
@conference {803,
	title = {Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) 2013 Symposium Talk: Creating a semantic framework for cultivated plants for the international e-collaboration on agrobiodiversity},
	booktitle = {TDWG 2013 Annual Conference},
	year = {2013},
	month = {10/2013},
	publisher = {Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) Conference 2013},
	organization = {Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) Conference 2013},
	address = {Florence, Italy},
	keywords = {Agrobiodiversity, Biodiversity Information Standards, collaboration, Information and Communications Technology (ICT), Policy, Short Message Service (SMS), Sustainability, TDWG},
	url = {https://mbgserv18.mobot.org/ocs/index.php/tdwg/2013/paper/view/498},
	author = {Elizabeth Arnaud and Luca Matteis and Pankaj Jaiwal and Laurel Cooper and Selim Louafi and Pierre Larmande and Caterina Caraciolo and Johannes Keizer and Richard Bruskiewich}
}
@article {1528,
	title = {Building Scientific Infrastructure for Key Societal Issues },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Collections for the 21st Century Symposium},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/3/31/Cook-Florida_iDigBio_2014_Museums_in_21st_Century.pdf},
	author = {Joe Cook}
}
@article {1684,
	title = {Citizen science programs },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Leveraging Digitization},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/f/f1/Citizen_Science_EClites.pdf},
	author = {Erica Clites}
}
@conference {1414,
	title = {A Computational- and Storage-Cloud for Integration of Biodiversity Collections},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE 9th International Conference on e-Science},
	year = {2013},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Beijing, China},
	abstract = {A core mission of the Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio) project is the building and deployment of a cloud computing environment customized to support the digitization workflow and integration of data from all U.S. nonfederal biocollections. iDigBio chose to use cloud computing technologies to deliver a cyberinfrastructure that is flexible, agile, resilient, and scalable to meet the needs of the biodiversity community. In this context, this paper describes the integration of open source cloud middleware, applications, and third party services using standard formats, protocols, and services. In addition, this paper demonstrates the value of the digitized information from collections in a broader scenario involving multiple disciplines.},
	keywords = {appliances, biocollections infrastructure, biodiversity, cloud computing, data access, data store, digitization, EF-1115210},
	doi = {10.1109/eScience.2013.48},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eScience.2013.48},
	author = {Matsunaga, Andr{\'e}a and Thompson, Alex and Figueiredo, Renato J. and Germain-Aubrey, Charlotte C. and Collins, Matthew and Beaman, Reed S. and MacFadden, Bruce J. and Riccardi, Greg and Soltis, Pamela S. and Page, Lawrence M. and Fortes, Jos{\'e} A.B.}
}
@article {945,
	title = {Creating~Herbarium~Labels with~Mail~Merge~in~Word},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Small Herbarium Workshop FSU},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/small-herbarium2013/Using\%20Label\%20Merge.pdf},
	author = {Richard Carter}
}
@article {946,
	title = {Creating~Herbarium~Labels with~Mail~Merge~in~Word},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Small Herbarium Workshop FSU},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/small-herbarium2013/Using\%20Label\%20Merge.pdf},
	author = {Richard Carter}
}
@article {1271,
	title = {The Current State of Arthropod Biodiversity Data: Addressing Impacts of Global Change },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Collections for the 21st Century Symposium},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/3/3f/Cobb_Seltmann_Franz_21st_Century_7.pdf},
	author = {Neil Cobb}
}
@article {1856,
	title = {The Current State of Arthropod Biodiversity Data: Addressing Impacts of Global Change},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {ECN 2014},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/b/b5/Cobb_Seltmann_Franz_ECN_2014_3.pdf},
	author = {Neil S. Cobb and Katja Seltmann and Nico Franz}
}
@conference {2432,
	title = {Data Carpentry: one comprehensive model for teaching biodiversity informatics data management, research skills, and training instructors},
	booktitle = {TDWG 2015},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {EF-1115210, Presentation, TDWG2015},
	author = {Paul, Deborah L. and Teal, Tracy K and Collins, Matthew}
}
@article {1847,
	title = {Data Discovery and Doer Happiness: Uses for Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Output.},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {TDWG 2014},
	url = {http://www.tdwg.org/fileadmin/2014conference/slides/Paul_DataDiscoveryAndDoerHappiness.pptx},
	author = {Deborah Paul and Andrea Matsunaga and Miao Chen and Jason Best and Sylvia Orli and William Ulate and Reed Beaman}
}
@article {1837,
	title = {Data Discovery and Doer Happiness: Uses for Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Output. },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {TDWG 2014},
	url = {http://idigbio.adobeconnect.com/p93xq45smni/},
	author = {Deborah Paul and Andrea Matsunaga and Miao Chen and Jason Best and Sylvia Orli and William Ulate and Reed Beaman}
}
@article {1691,
	title = {Databasing Workflows for Paleontology},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Leveraging Digitization},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/6/63/Databasing_Workflows_for_Paleontology_EClites.pdf},
	author = {Erica Clites}
}
@article {708,
	title = {Digital Imaging: Ethics},
	year = {2005},
	publisher = {The University of Arizona},
	keywords = {Imaging},
	url = {http://swehsc.pharmacy.arizona.edu/exppath/resources/pdf/Digital_Imaging_Ethics.pdf},
	author = {D. Cromey}
}
@article {1110,
	title = {Digital Object and Text Encoding Standards},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Digitizing from Source Materials},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/7/7a/Tc_20140311.pdf},
	author = {Terry Catapano}
}
@article {1169,
	title = {Digitization Progress at the University of Hawaii Insect Museum},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Biological Collections Digitization in the Pacific},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/1/1c/IdigBio_Pacific_Caesar_I.pdf},
	author = {Ryan Caesar}
}
@article {958,
	title = {Digitize specimen labels @ IU Herbarium},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Transcription Hackathon},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/citscribe/lightningtalk-miaochen.pdf},
	author = {Miao Chen}
}
@article {1167,
	title = {Digitizing in Guide to Trees of Papua New Guinea },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Biological Collections Digitization in the Pacific},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/e/e9/Guide_to_trees_of_Papua_New_Guinea.pdf},
	author = {Kipiro Damas and Barry Conn}
}
@article {1053,
	title = {Engaging Professionals and the Public: Outreach Efforts of the Friends of the University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {NAPC Symposium},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/napc-2014/Mon-2.30-Clark.pdf},
	author = {David Clark}
}
@article {1064,
	title = {FOSSIL- A national network of amateur and professional paleontologists in the U.S.},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {NAPC Symposium},
	url = {http://vimeo.com/album/2740344/video/87100158},
	author = {Bruce MacFadden and Kent Crippen and Betty Dunckel and Shari Ellis and Austin Hendy and Katherine Hendy and Claudia Grant}
}
@article {1057,
	title = {FOSSIL- A national network of amateur and professional paleontologists in the U.S.},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {NAPC Symposium},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/napc-2014/Mon-4.00-MacFadden.pdf},
	author = {Bruce MacFadden and Kent Crippen and Betty Dunckel and Shari Ellis and Austin Hendy and Katherine Hendy and Claudia Grant}
}
@article {2977,
	title = { Is the future already here? The impact of climate change on the distribution of the eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius)},
	journal = {PeerJ},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2018},
	chapter = {e4647},
	abstract = {Anthropogenic climate change is a significant global driver of species distribution change. Although many species have undergone range expansion at their poleward limits, data on several taxonomic groups are still lacking. A common method for studying range shifts is using species distribution models to evaluate current, and predict future, distributions. Notably, many sources of {\textquoteleft}current{\textquoteright} climate data used in species distribution modeling use the years 1950{\textendash}2000 to calculate climatic averages. However, this does not account for recent (post 2000) climate change. This study examines the influence of climate change on the eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius). Specifically, we: (1) identified the current range and suitable environment of M. fulvius in the Southeastern United States, (2) investigated the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of M. fulvius, and (3) evaluated the utility of future models in predicting recent (2001{\textendash}2015) records. We used the species distribution modeling program Maxent and compared both current (1950{\textendash}2000) and future (2050) climate conditions. Future climate models showed a shift in the distribution of suitable habitat across a significant portion of the range; however, results also suggest that much of the Southeastern United States will be outside the range of current conditions, suggesting that there may be no-analog environments in the future. Most strikingly, future models were more effective than the current models at predicting recent records, suggesting that range shifts may already be occurring. These results have implications for both M. fulvius and its Batesian mimics. More broadly, we recommend future Maxent studies consider using future climate data along with current data to better estimate the current distribution.},
	keywords = {iDigBio data use},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4647},
	author = {Archis, J. N. and Akcali, C. and Stuart, B. L and Kikuchi, D. and Chunco, A. J}
}
@article {241,
	title = {The future of citizen science: emerging technologies and shifting paradigms},
	journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2012},
	month = {08/2012},
	pages = {298-304},
	type = {Citizen-Science Reviews},
	chapter = {298},
	abstract = {Citizen science creates a nexus between science and education that, when coupled with emerging technologies, expands the frontiers of ecological research and public engagement. Using representative technologies and other examples, we examine the future of citizen science in terms of its research processes, program and participant cultures, and scientific communities. Future citizen-science projects will likely be influenced by sociocultural issues related to new technologies and will continue to face practical programmatic challenges. We foresee networked, open science and the use of online computer/video gaming as important tools to engage non-traditional audiences, and offer recommendations to help prepare project managers for impending challenges. A more formalized citizen-science enterprise, complete with networked organizations, associations, journals, and cyberinfrastructure, will advance scientific research, including ecology, and further public education.},
	keywords = {Citizen Science, public engagement},
	issn = {1540-9295},
	doi = {doi:10.1890/110294},
	url = {http://www.esajournals.org/doi/full/10.1890/110294},
	author = {Greg Newman},
	editor = {Andrea Wiggins and Alycia Crall and Eric Graham and Sarah Newman and Kevin Crowston}
}
@article {2145,
	title = {Global Genome Biodiversity Network: Preserving and Understanding the Genomic Diversity of Life},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Strategies for Vertebrate Digitization},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/0/0c/Coddington-IDigBio_2015_03.pdf},
	author = {Jon Coddington}
}
@article {1751,
	title = {Great Lakes Invasives},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Summit 2014},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/3/3f/GreatLakesInvasives_iDigBio2014.pdf},
	author = {Ken Cameron}
}
@article {1873,
	title = {Growing and Modernizing the Clemson University Arthropod Collection},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {ECN 2014},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/d/d9/Caterino-CUAC_Modernization.pdf},
	author = {Michael S. Caterino}
}
@article {964,
	title = {Herbarium Labels Transcription Crowdsourcing Consensus},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Transcription Hackathon},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/citscribe/CampbelliDigBioCrowdsourcingHackathon2013.pdf},
	author = {Joshua Campbell}
}
@article {1243,
	title = {Hillsdale College Herbarium},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Small Collections},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/5/51/Cooper-Hillsdale_College_Herbarium_\%28HLSD\%29_slide.pdf},
	author = {Ranessa Cooper}
}
@article {1014,
	title = {How can scientist collaborate with STEM Educators?},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {iDigBio Education and Outreach Workshop},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/eoworkshop/KJC_iDigBio_EaO_Keynote.pdf},
	author = {Kent Crippen}
}
@article {2632,
	title = {ICE2016: Biodiversity informatics skills for collections and research in the 21st Century},
	year = {2016},
	month = {09/2016},
	address = {Orange County Convention Center, Orlando, Florida},
	abstract = {At iDigBio, beyond mobilizing data, we{\textquoteright}re working with our data providers and the informatics community to enhance museum specimen data and ensure the data and media are fit-for-use. We are engaging researchers and data providers to help them take advantage of ever-growing data sets, and the tools, methods, and apps that support robust data creation and research data use. For the last six years, through our collaborations with NSF bio-centers (NESCent, BEACON, SESYNC, DataONE), Data Carpentry, iDigBio workshops, symposia, surveys, and webinars, we are learning a lot about the computational and data literacy skills needs of our stakeholders. People in our collections data pipeline include: scientists and students collecting future specimens-to-be-accessioned, collection managers, data managers, data aggregators, down-stream researchers, and the general public. As museum collections mobilize to digitize their holdings, contributing more-and-richer data to our community portals -- students, museum staff, and researchers are often finding it{\textquoteright}s not a small task to be good custodians of the data. While formal science programs are teaching bioinformatics skills for genomic and metagenomics research, few are strategically teaching the pre-requisite skills to current researchers, students and staff that are necessary to manage data effectively over a lifetime. These skills help insure data is discoverable, and standardized format that supports research analysis reproducibility. This talk provides an overview of the current landscape for biodiversity informatics skills from our experiences at iDigBio. You are invited to share your experiences and insights about what it will take to address these needs into the future.},
	keywords = {biodiversity informatics skills, collections data use, Data Carpentry, research data use, Software Carpentry},
	doi = {doi: 10.1603/ICE.2016.94619},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/ice2016/ICE2016ENTinTheDigitalAge_30Sept2016_DPaul.pptx},
	author = {Deborah L. Paul and Pamela S. Soltis and Matthew Collins}
}
@article {1478,
	title = {The iCollection model for digitising small collections of natural history},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {Modern curation requires digitisation in order to preserve the specimens by reducing the amount of handling and to mobilise and make the data available efficiently. iCollections has digitised 125,000 British Lepidoptera, 15,000 British flowering plants, 8,000 Psyllids and 12,000 beetles in nearly 18 months, and it is, among other projects, piloting the mass digitisation of all collection at the NHM. iCollections aims to mobilise and disseminate through biodiversity informatics portals the data associated with the specimens, and to assign a unique identifier to each specimen. Small natural history collections contribute to increase scientific knowledge applicable to societal needs and interests in the same way as large collections do. In order to test the work flow and pipelines involved, collections of different size of particular interest to NHM researchers have been used; these comprised a variety of specimens on pins, slides,and herbarium sheets. Having achieved a balanced compromise between the need of speed and cost-effectiveness, the work flow adaptation to small collections is proposed and possible solutions for achieving a robust data management system are suggested
},
	keywords = {Small Collections Symposium SPNHC 2014},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/9/93/SPNCHlynscript.pdf},
	author = {Lyndsey Douglas and Elisa Cane and Peter Wing and Joanna Durant and Gerardo Mazzetta and Flavia Toloni}
}
@article {367,
	title = {iDigBio Augmenting OCR Workshop: OCR within the digitisation workflow at RBGE},
	year = {2012},
	abstract = {Haston, Elspeth et al. Assistant Curator: Digitisation, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE)
Edinburgh, Scotland. OCR within the digitisation workflow at RBGE
},
	keywords = {iDigBio Augmenting OCR Workshop},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/aocr-wgw/Haston_OCR within the digitisation workflow at RBGE.pptx},
	author = {Elspeth Haston and Hannah Atkins and Rob Cubey and Robyn Drinkwater and David Harris and Katherine O{\textquoteright}Donnell and Martin Pullan}
}
@article {465,
	title = {IDigBio Summit II: Southwest Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN): A Model for Collections Digitization to Promote Taxonomic and Ecological Research},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {IDigBio Summit II},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/summit2/Cobb_SCAN_iDigBioSummitII.pptx},
	author = {Neil Cobb}
}
@article {481,
	title = {IDigBio Summit II: Sustainability Discussion Session},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {IDigBio Summit II},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/summit2/iDigBio-Summit-II-Sustainability.docx},
	author = {Neil Cobb}
}
@conference {2519,
	title = {Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio): mobilizing natural history collections for understanding island biodiversity},
	booktitle = {Island Biology 2016},
	year = {2016},
	month = {07/2016},
	address = {Terceira Island, Azores},
	abstract = {Advancements in digital technologies are rapidly improving efficiency in the aggregation, use, and sharing of natural history collections and biodiversity specimen data.  Researchers now have access to ever increasing herbarium data sets for visualization, analysis, and modeling to assist with taxonomic research and conservation assessments.  iDigBio (www.idigbio.org), the national resource for the U.S. National Science Foundation{\textquoteright}s Advancing Digitization of Biodiversity Collections (ADBC) program, is mobilizing data and images for millions of biodiversity specimens.  Voucher specimen data, both neontological and paleontological, from island communities across the globe is available in electronic format through the iDigBio web-based graphical interface (www.idigbio.org/portal/) and APIs.  It provides a wealth of information for the research community, government agencies, students, educators, and the general public, including baseline data for biodiversity assessments and non-native or invasive species distribution, providing data and images for new species discovery, and assisting with efficient location of voucher specimen collections for further research.  This presentation will highlight the portal, available tools, data gaps the Island Biology community may be able to help narrow, and potential research uses of the data as they pertain to expanding the understanding of the biodiversity and biogeography of island flora and fauna and the communities they comprise.},
	author = {James, Shelley A. and Paul, Deborah L. and Collins, Matthew and Nelson, Gil}
}
@article {529,
	title = {Keeping  an Eye on Biology},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {339},
	year = {2013},
	month = {01/2013},
	pages = {408-409},
	type = {Essays on Science and Society},
	chapter = {408},
	abstract = {Genomic data sets offer opportunities for students to generate original findings without expensive laboratory equipment, extending the benefits of undergraduate research to the classroom (1{\textendash}4). Yet, working with data sets online can frustrate biology students who may miss connections to fascinating biological questions. Integrating organismal and molecular biology with bioinformatics can enhance student learning. We have developed a program in genomics, adapted for a plant (Chamaecrista fasciculata) and an animal (Aiptasia pallida), designed to support student learning with a Web-based guide (http://serc.carleton.edu/exploring_genomics/index.html) (see the first chart).},
	keywords = {education, genomics},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1229848},
	url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6118/408.full},
	author = {Susan R. Singer and Jodi A. Schwarz and Cathryn A. Manduca and Sean P. Fox and Ellen R. Iverson and Benjamin J. Taylor and Steven B. Cannon and Gregory D. May and Sonja L. Maki and Andrew D. Farmer and Jeffrey J. Doyle}
}
@conference {2439,
	title = {Lifemapper{\textquoteright}s species distribution modeling based on iDigBio Biocollections},
	booktitle = {SPNHC 2015},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {EF-1115210, Presentation, SPNHC2015},
	author = {Stewart, Aimee and Matsunaga, Andr{\'e}a and Beach, James H. and Grady, C.J. and Cavner, Jeffrey and Fortes, Jos{\'e} A.B.}
}
@article {1238,
	title = {Lightening round: Challenges to small collections-recruitment and retention},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Small Collections},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/0/06/Carter_Lightening_round.pdf},
	author = {Richard Carter}
}
@article {1171,
	title = {The long history and current digitization of the University of Hawaii Insect Museum},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Biological Collections Digitization in the Pacific},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/0/04/Rubinoffecn2013uhim-131119120614-phpapp02.pdf},
	author = {Ryan Caesar}
}
@article {2435,
	title = {Looking for treasures in a megadiverse country: natural collections in Ecuador},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {EF-1115210, poster, SPNHC2015},
	author = {Segovia-Salcedo, Mar{\'\i}a C. and Acosta-Buena{\~n}o, N{\'e}stor A. and Carrasco Camacho, Luis}
}
@conference {2536,
	title = {Museum and Collections Biodiversity Informatics: meeting skills needs for creating, sharing, and using the digital relatives of museum specimens},
	booktitle = {Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections 31st Annual Meeting},
	year = {2016},
	month = {06/2016},
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	keywords = {SPNHC2016},
	author = {Paul, Deborah L. and Collins, Matthew and Laurence Livermore and Dimitrios Koureas}
}
@article {1598,
	title = {Natural History Collections as Emerging Resources for Innovative Education},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2014},
	month = {08/2014},
	chapter = {725},
	abstract = {There is an emerging consensus that undergraduate biology education in the United States is at a crucial juncture, especially as we acknowledge the need to train a new generation of scientists to meet looming environmental and health crises. Digital resources for biology now available online provide an opportunity to transform biology curricula to include more authentic and inquiry-driven educational experiences. Digitized natural history collections have become tremendous assets for research in environmental and health sciences, but, to date, these data remain largely untapped by educators. Natural history collections have the potential to help transform undergraduate science education from passive learning into an active exploration of the natural world, including the exploration of the complex relationships among environmental conditions, biodiversity, and human well-being. By incorporating natural history specimens and their associated data into undergraduate curricula, educators can promote participatory learning and foster an understanding of essential interactions between organisms and their environments.},
	keywords = {database, inquiry driven, museum, place based, undergraduate education},
	issn = {1525-3244},
	doi = {10.1093/biosci/biu096},
	url = {http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/content/64/8/725.full.pdf+htm},
	author = {Joseph A. Cook and Scott V. Edwards and Eileen A. Lacey and Robert P. Guralnick and Pamela S. Soltis and Douglas E. Soltis and Corey K. Welch and Kayce C. Bell and Kurt E. Galbreath and Christopher Himes and Julie M. Allen and Tracy A. Heath and Ana C. Carnaval and Kimberly L. Cooper and Mark Liu and James Hanken and Stefanie Ickert-Bond}
}
@article {2105,
	title = {Natural History Collections as Emerging Resources for Innovative Education},
	journal = {BioScience},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2014},
	month = {08/2014},
	chapter = {725},
	abstract = {Nearly four decades ago, Roose \& Gottlieb (Roose \& Gottlieb 1976 Evolution 30, 818{\textendash}830. (doi:10.2307/2407821)) showed that the recently derived allotetraploids Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus combined the allozyme profiles of their diploid parents (T. dubius and T. porrifolius, and T. dubius and T. pratensis, respectively). This classic paper addressed the link between genotype and biochemical phenotype and documented enzyme additivity in allopolyploids. Perhaps more important than their model of additivity, however, was their demonstration of novelty at the biochemical level. Enzyme multiplicity{\textemdash}the production of novel enzyme forms in the allopolyploids{\textemdash}can provide an extensive array of polymorphism for a polyploid individual and may explain, for example, the expanded ranges of polyploids relative to their diploid progenitors. In this paper, we extend the concept of evolutionary novelty in allopolyploids to a range of genetic and ecological features. We observe that the dynamic nature of polyploid genomes{\textemdash}with alterations in gene content, gene number, gene arrangement, gene expression and transposon activity{\textemdash}may generate sufficient novelty that every individual in a polyploid population or species may be unique. Whereas certain combinations of these features will undoubtedly be maladaptive, some unique combinations of newly generated variation may provide tremendous evolutionary potential and adaptive capabilities.},
	keywords = {EF-1115210},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/Cook\%20et\%20al\%20BioScience-2014-Cook-725-34.pdf},
	author = {Joseph A. Cook and Scott V. Edwards and Eileen A. Lacey and Robert P. Guralnick and Soltis, Pamela S. and Douglas E. Soltis and Corey K. Welch and Kayce C. Bell and Kurt E. Galbreath and Christopher Himes and Julie M. Allen and Tracy A. Heath and Ana C. Carnaval and Kimberly L. Cooper and Mark Liu and James Hanken and Stefanie Ickert-Bond}
}
@article {1614,
	title = {Nomenclatural benchmarking: the roles of digital typification and telemicroscopy},
	journal = {Zookeys},
	volume = {209},
	year = {2012},
	month = {2012},
	chapter = {193},
	abstract = {Nomenclatural benchmarking is the periodic realignment of species names with species theories and is necessary for the accurate and uniform use of Linnaean binominals in the face of changing species limits. Gaining access to types, often for little more than a cursory examination by an expert, is a major bottleneck in the advance and availability of biodiversity informatics. For the nearly two million described species it has been estimated that five to six million name-bearing type specimens exist, including those for synonymized binominals. Recognizing that examination of types in person will remain necessary in special cases, we propose a four-part strategy for opening access to types that relies heavily on digitization and that would eliminate much of the bottleneck: (1) modify codes of nomenclature to create registries of nomenclatural acts, such as the proposed ZooBank, that include a requirement for digital representations (e-types) for all newly described species to avoid adding to backlog; (2) an {\textquotedblleft}r{\textquotedblright} strategy that would engineer and deploy a network of automated instruments capable of rapidly creating 3-D images of type specimens not requiring participation of taxon experts; (3) a {\textquotedblleft}K{\textquotedblright} strategy using remotely operable microscopes to engage taxon experts in targeting and annotating informative characters of types to supplement and extend information content of rapidly acquired e-types, a process that can be done on an as-needed basis as in the normal course of revisionary taxonomy; and (4) creation of a global e-type archive associated with the commissions on nomenclature and species registries providing one-stop-shopping for e-types. We describe a first generation implementation of the {\textquotedblleft}K{\textquotedblright} strategy that adapts current technology to create a network of Remotely Operable Benchmarkers Of Types (ROBOT) specifically engineered to handle the largest backlog of types, pinned insect specimens. The three initial instruments will be in the Smithsonian Institution(Washington, DC), Natural History Museum (London), and Museum National d{\textquoteright}Histoire Naturelle (Paris), networking the three largest insect collections in the world with entomologists worldwide. These three instruments make possible remote examination, manipulation, and photography of types for more than 600, 000 species. This is a cybertaxonomy demonstration project that we anticipate will lead to similar instruments for a wide range of museum specimens and objects as well as revolutionary changes in collaborative taxonomy and formal and public taxonomic education.},
	keywords = {SES-09083935},
	url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/3486/nomenclatural-benchmarking-the-roles-of-digital-typification-and-telemicroscopy},
	author = {Q. Wheeler and T. Bourgoin and J. Coddington and T. Gostony and A. Hamilton and R. Larimer and A. Polaszek and M. Schauff and M.A. Solis}
}
@article {1449,
	title = {"Paleoniches Digitizing Fossils to Enable  New Syntheses in Biogeography-Paleoniches TCN"},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {iDigBio Georeferencing Workshop Group (GWG), iDigBio GWG TTT 2},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/ttt2/CaseyPaleonichesLightning.pptx},
	author = {Michelle Casey}
}
@article {1055,
	title = {Participation of K-12 teachers and students in paleontology: Factors impacting effectiveness and sustainability},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {NAPC Symposium},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/napc-2014/Mon-3.30-Ross.pdf},
	author = {Robert M. Ross and Carolyn S. Buckler and Daniel K. Capps and Kelly E. Cronin and Barbara A. Crawford and Thrisha A. Smrecak and Andrielle N. Swaby and Alexander F. Wall}
}
@article {947,
	title = {Pre-Digitization~Curation: Mobilizing Small Herbaria for Digitization },
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Small Herbarium Workshop FSU},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/small-herbarium2013/Pre\%20digitization\%20curation.pdf},
	author = {Richard Carter}
}
@article {722,
	title = {Principals of Data Quality},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Databasing},
	url = {http://imsgbif.gbif.org/CMS_ORC/?doc_id=1229\&download=1},
	author = {A. Chapman}
}
@article {1760,
	title = {SCAN: A Data Portal Built to Visualize, Manipulate, and Export Species Occurrences},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Summit 2014},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/2/29/SCAN_Lightning_Presentation_Cobb_2014_short.pdf},
	author = {Neil Cobb}
}
@article {1792,
	title = {SCAN: A Data Portal Built to Visualize, Manipulate, and Export Species Occurrences},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Summit 2014},
	url = {http://vimeo.com/album/3113100/video/110832740},
	author = {Neil Cobb}
}
@article {1241,
	title = {South Carolina State Museum },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Small Collections},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/4/45/Cicimurri-iDigBio_2014.pdf},
	author = {David Cicimurri}
}
@article {1000,
	title = {Southwest Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN): A Data Portal Built to Visualize, Manipulate, and Export Species Occurrences},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Summit 3},
	url = {http://vimeo.com/album/2684234/video/84217339},
	author = {Neil Cobb}
}
@article {782,
	title = {Southwest Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN): A Data Portal Built to Visualize, Manipulate, and Export Species Occurrences July 2012 to July 2015},
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Summit 3},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/summit3/SCAN_Lightning_Presentation_Cobb3.pdf},
	author = {Neil Cobb}
}
@article {1088,
	title = {Southwest Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN): A Model for Collections Digitization to Promote Taxonomic and Ecological Research},
	year = {2012},
	keywords = {IDigBio Summit II},
	url = {http://vimeo.com/album/2163675/video/54406429},
	author = {Neil Cobb}
}
@article {1272,
	title = {Species Link Network: Tools and Services to Support e-Science and Policy-making},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Collections for the 21st Century Symposium},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/4/46/Dora-iDigBio2014.pdf},
	author = {Dora Canhos}
}
@article {1324,
	title = {SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization: Designing a Workflow to Help with Error Detection in a Paleontology Digitization Project},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {The Field Museum is implementing a three-year IMLS grant using summer interns to digitize approximately 15,000 Silurian fossil lots. Workflow for this project has each intern working on six drawers of fossils at a time; the fossils are all from the same geologic period and taxonomic group (as they are arranged in the collection). Interns cycle their fossils through three workstations: a label photography station, a fossil photography station, and a KE EMu data entry station. The average time per specimen to complete this cycle is 9.5 minutes with times ranging between 4 to 18 minutes. After cycling their cart through each workstation I edit, upload, and link the images to the catalogue records. In the first year 7,785 image were generated and linked to catalogue records. 
During the process of connecting images to the catalogue there are three opportunities to check for errors. First, KE EMu generates an error log of images that fail to link during the batch input.  The error rate is less than 2.2\%. Common errors include simple format errors in the batch upload, specimens not entered into the catalogue, and typos in the specimen{\textquoteright}s catalogue number.  Second, because specimens in each batch are from the same geologic period and taxonomic group it is easy to spot any inconsistencies or missing data when reviewing the records in a table format. Finally each record should have two images linked to it. Any missing images are easy to add.
},
	keywords = {digitization, error checking, Field Museum, fossils, interns, Silurian, SPNHC 2014, workflow},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/spnhc2014/07_1130_MayerPS.pdf},
	author = {Paul S. Mayer and L. Connolly and N. Karpus and A. P. Layng}
}
@article {1319,
	title = {SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization: From massive digitisation of Paris Herbarium to a nation-wide program},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {The Mus{\'e}um national d{\textquoteright}Histoire naturelle of Paris (MNHN) completed a massive digitisation program of the herbarium specimens (P, PC). Nearly 6 million images went online between 2008 and 2012. The resulting database records contain only a minimum set of attributes (scientific name, catalog number and continent of origin). As many more information is most often available from the photographed labels, optical character recognition and a crowdsourcing site have since been used to enrich the database without physical access to the specimen.
Building on the experience gained from these projects, a national program {\textquotedblleft}e-ReColNat{\textquotedblright} was launched to extend the digitisation to the remaining herbariums and most zoological and paleontological types. The result will be available online for annotation and label retranscription to a broad audience mixing the general public and the scientific experts.
},
	keywords = {crowdsourcing, digitization, e-ReColNat, Herbarium, Mus{\'e}um national d{\textquoteright}Histoire naturelle of Paris, optical character recognition, SPNHC 2014, SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/spnhc2014/02_SPNHC2014_chagnoux.pdf},
	author = {Simon Chagnoux and Marc Pignal}
}
@article {1329,
	title = {SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization: Incorporating OCR into a digitisation and curation workflow},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {The digitisation of natural history collections is a priority for many institutes for reasons including opening access to users around the world, incorporation of specimen data in research, disaster planning, etc. However, digitisation of natural history specimens is expensive and labour intensive. For this reason, digitisation of specimens has moved towards minimal data capture and imaging as part of large scale processes. The workflow can be summarised in the following steps: 1) minimal curation; 2) attach barcode as a unique identifier; 3) minimal data entry; 4) image specimen; 5) additional data entry. There has been some investigation by institutes into the use of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) within the digitsation and curation workflow. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) now routinely processes all specimen images through OCR software. The OCR process is integrated into the overall digitisation and curation workflow and has been used to speed up the process of adding data to over 100,000 specimens. The following additional steps have been incorporated into the workflow at RBGE: 4a) assess condition of specimen; 4b) process image through OCR software; 5a) additional curation. The incorporation of OCR into digitisation workflows is being explored by the Synthesys project funded by the European Union within Framework 7, and by iDigBio funded by the United States Government within the National Science Foundation programme. The work being carried out at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh to integrate OCR into the digitisation and curation workflow is discussed as part of the work of Synthesys and iDigBio.},
	keywords = {digitization, optical character recognition, SPNHC 2014, SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization, workflow},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/spnhc2014/12_Haston_et_al_Incorporating_OCR.pdf},
	author = {Elspeth Haston and Robyn Drinkwater and Robert Cubey}
}
@article {1320,
	title = {SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization: Putting the contents of the Geological Museum on the web},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {The Museum of Practical Geology (Jermyn Street, 1851-1935) displayed most of the British Geological Survey{\textquoteright}s specimen collection. With the move to the Geological Museum and then to Nottingham (Keyworth, 1985 onwards) most items were consigned to drawers. The internet has provided the means to re-exhibit these collections. BGS has been at the forefront of collections digitization since the 1970s. By 2000, the collections had digital catalogues of varying completeness, and in October 2000 the borehole and rock catalogues went on line. By 2006, all the main collections had online text and GIS searches.
During the past five years, BGS has made high resolution digital images of various collections available, including building stones and 4000 early twentieth century glass plates of the Kidston palaeobotanical collection. 125,000 7216 x 5412 pixel images of UK Continental Shelf cores1 were made available online in 2012, a project requiring a conveyor belt and extensive use of barcodes. 100,000 rock thin sections2 were added in 2013. The most innovative project to date has been a collaboration between BGS, the National Museum Cardiff, the Sedgwick Museum Cambridge, the Oxford Museum of Natural History and the Geological Curators{\textquoteright} Group (representing other national, university and local museums) to create an online database3 of British macrofossil types.  The web portal provides data about each specimen, searchable on taxonomic, stratigraphic and spatial criteria. High resolution photographs, stereo anaglyphs and many 3d digital models are available. We are keen to share our experiences, particularly of 3d digital models.

1 https://www.bgs.ac.uk/data/offshoreWells/wells.cfc?method=searchWells
2 http://www.largeimages.bgs.ac.uk/iip/britrocks.html?id=250000/258489
3 http://www.3d-fossils.ac.uk/ 
},
	keywords = {3D models, automation, British Geological Survey, conveyor belt, digitization, fossils, SPNHC 2014, SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/spnhc2014/03_SPNHC_Digitization_Howe_P3_V2.pdf},
	author = {Mike Howe and Bob McIntosh and Simon Harris and Michela Contessi and Graham Tulloch}
}
@article {1328,
	title = {SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization: Using optical character recognition (OCR) output in digitization},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {Before iDigBio, that{\textquoteright}s Integrated Digitized Biocollections, others began the work of figuring out how to use OCR output with machine learning (ML) and natural language processing (NLP) to improve the efficiency and speed with which data from museum specimen label images can be captured and validated. The Augmenting Optical Character Recognition (aOCR WG) Working Group at iDigBio is pleased to be building on that foundation. Improvements have been realized in parsing algorithms and visualization of data. Recently, researchers at The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE) successfully used word clouds from OCR output to reveal useful data, otherwise dark, until a specimen label was digitized completely (Haston, et al TDWG 2013). Their work indicates this method results in greater transcriber job satisfaction. Inspired by this work, the OCR Integration Track Team at the iDigBio Citscribe Hackathon showed how indexing, scoring, and visualizing OCR output reveals otherwise hidden search terms, uncovers errors, and can improve the data transcriber and data validator experience. Using open-source software, we presented these ideas to those with transcription tools up-and-running including Notes From Nature, Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL), ALA Biodiversity Volunteer Portal, Smithsonian Digital Volunteers, and the Lichen, Bryophytes and Climate Change Volunteer Portal using Symbiota software. The aOCR WG is working collaboratively with the Joint Research Activity (JRA) Synthesys3 Project to share expertise for automated data collection for digital images. Got text in your images? How might OCR output work for you? Come talk to our aOCR WG to find out and to share your expertise.},
	keywords = {confidence scores, data visualization, digitization, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, optical character recognition, SPNHC 2014, SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/spnhc2014/Paul_UsingOCRoutput.pptx},
	author = {Deborah L Paul and Andrea Matsunaga and Miao Chen and Jason Best and Sylvia Orli and Elspeth M Haston}
}
@article {1323,
	title = {SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization: Workflows in the cooperative IMLS Silurian Digitization project},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {Milwaukee Public Museum (MPM) is implementing a three-year IMLS grant in conjunction with The Field Museum to digitize our Midwest Silurian collections and create a shared online database.  The first workflow was between the institutions.  The joint nature of the project required information exchange between museums.  To coordinate a shared online database an effort was made to use shared vocabulary and Internal Record Numbers (IRN) for lithostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy and taxonomy data. Internal Records were generated at The Field Museum and shared with MPM.  After the first large data export smaller updates have been made.  MPM maintains a shared Google Drive spreadsheet with corrections and new data to be updated at The Field.  Sharing data creates an error check point.  
The second workflow for the digitization project is within MPM. The collection is organized stratigraphically.  The specimens all have a locality number but most do not have a unique specimen number.  Workflow starts with data entry into KE EMu using specimen labels.   Specimens without numbers are assigned the KE EMu Internal Record Number as specimen number.  The photography station is divided into two parts, fossil photography and photo processing. The fossils are processed by drawers and include a photo of the drawer and photos of each fossil in the drawer. A batch process is used to convert the raw image to .dng, .tif and .jpeg formats. The .jpeg images are then associated with the KE EMu catalogue data and the .dng and .tif images are saved in MPM{\textquoteright}s image repository.
},
	keywords = {digitization, Field Museum, fossils, Milwaukee Public Museum, Silurian, SPNHC 2014, SPNHC 2014: Progress in Digitization, taxonomy, workflow},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/spnhc2014/06_Workflows\%20in\%20the\%20cooperative\%20IMLS\%20Silurian\%20Digitization\%20project_B.pdf},
	author = {Patricia Coorough Burke and A. Caywood and M. James and E. Malueg and D. Miller}
}
@article {1840,
	title = { StanDAP-Herb develops a standard process for extracting metadata from digitised herbarium specimens. },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {TDWG 2014},
	url = {http://idigbio.adobeconnect.com/p3iliimu2dd/},
	author = {Agnes Kirchhoff and Walter G. Berendsohn and Ulrich B{\"u}gel and Fernando Chaves and Cailin Guan and Markus Lindhorst and Karl-Heinz Steinke and Hangyan Zheng and Dominik R{\"o}pert and Eduard Santamaria}
}
@article {1843,
	title = {StanDAP-Herb develops a standard process for extracting metadata from digitised herbarium specimens},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {TDWG 2014},
	url = {http://www.tdwg.org/fileadmin/2014conference/slides/Kirchhoff_StanDAPHerb.pdf},
	author = {Agnes Kirchhoff and Walter G. Berendsohn and Ulrich B{\"u}gel and Fernando Chaves and Cailin Guan and Markus Lindhorst and Dominik R{\"o}pert and Eduard Santamaria and Karl-Heinz Steinke and Hangyan Zheng}
}
@article {2256,
	title = {Steps for launching a digitization program: the Memphis collection example },
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {ASM 2015},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/3/3e/Coyner-ASM_2015.pdf},
	author = {Brandi S. Coyner and Janet k. Braun}
}
@article {729,
	title = {The use of specimen label images for efficient data acquisition in research collections cataloguing: Workflow},
	year = {2006},
	keywords = {WorkFlows},
	url = {http://tdwg2006.tdwg.org/fileadmin/2006meeting/slides/GranzowCerda_ImagesM\%C3\%A9xMichCatalog_abs0098.pdf},
	author = {Ingio Granzow-de la Cerda and Juan Carols Gomez-Martinez and Jose Luis Garcia-Castillo}
}
@article {730,
	title = {Uses of Primary Species-Occurence Data},
	year = {2005},
	keywords = {Mobilization},
	url = {http://www.nlbif.nl/news_en/files/UsesPrimaryData.pdf},
	author = {A. Chapman}
}
@article {1044,
	title = {Using a volunteer army to help a small museum collect large vertebrate specimens},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {NAPC Symposium},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/napc-2014/mon-9.00-cavigelli.pdf},
	author = {JP Cavigelli}
}
@article {1494,
	title = {Using Digitized Data From Insect Collections },
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {Biological Collections Digitization in the Pacific},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/d/d2/Caesar_IdigBio_Pacific_Day_4.pdf},
	author = {Ryan Caesar}
}
@article {936,
	title = {The Valdosta State Herbarium (VSC) Experience: Mobilizing Small Herbaria for DIgitization },
	year = {2013},
	keywords = {Small Herbarium Workshop FSU},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/small-herbarium2013/The\%20VSU\%20Experience.pdf},
	author = {Richard Carter}
}
@article {732,
	title = {VertNet: A New Model for Biodiversity Data Sharing (The VertNet Steering Committee)},
	journal = {PLoS Biology},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Mobilization},
	url = {http://www.plosbiology.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info\%3Adoi\%2F10.1371\%2Fjournal.pbio.1000309\&representation=PDF},
	author = {Heather Constable and Robert Guralnick and John Wieczorek and Carol Spencer and A. Townsend Peterson}
}
@article {2143,
	title = {VertNet/GBIF: Advances in Biodiversity Discovery and Data Quality Improvement},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Strategies for Vertebrate Digitization},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/6/64/Cicero-iDigBio_Cornell_2015_FINAL.pdf},
	author = {Carla Cicero}
}
@article {1047,
	title = {Where are the women and minority amatuer paleontologists? A study of the development and characteristics of science hobbyist.},
	year = {2014},
	keywords = {NAPC Symposium},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/workshop-presentations/napc-2014/Mon-11.00-Jones.pdf},
	author = {Gail Jones and Thomas Andre and Gina Childers and Elysa Corin}
}
@conference {2414,
	title = {Whole-Dataset Analyses using Apache Spark},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {EF-1115210, Presentation, TDWG2015},
	author = {Collins, Matthew and Poelen, Jorrit and Thompson, Alexander}
}
@article {2540,
	title = {Whole-dataset Analyses Using Apache Spark},
	year = {2015},
	month = {09/28},
	keywords = {poster, Spark, TDWG},
	url = {https://figshare.com/articles/Whole_dataset_Analyses_Using_Apache_Spark/1580071},
	author = {Matthew Collins},
	editor = {Jorrit Poelen and Alexander Thompson}
}
@article {1966,
	title = {Workflows Herbarium Digitization},
	year = {2015},
	keywords = {Workflows Herbarium Digitization},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/wiki/images/a/a4/Mast_Crowd_Valdosta_15.pdf},
	author = {Richard Carter}
}
