@article {2100,
	title = {Polyploidy and novelty: Gottlieb{\textquoteright}s legacy},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
	volume = {369},
	year = {2015},
	month = {2014},
	chapter = {1},
	abstract = {There is an emerging consensus that undergraduate biology education in the United States is at a crucial juncture, especially as we acknowledge
the need to train a new generation of scientists to meet looming environmental and health crises. Digital resources for biology now available
online provide an opportunity to transform biology curricula to include more authentic and inquiry-driven educational experiences. Digitized
natural history collections have become tremendous assets for research in environmental and health sciences, but, to date, these data remain
largely untapped by educators. Natural history collections have the potential to help transform undergraduate science education from passive
learning into an active exploration of the natural world, including the exploration of the complex relationships among environmental
conditions, biodiversity, and human well-being. By incorporating natural history specimens and their associated data into undergraduate
curricula, educators can promote participatory learning and foster an understanding of essential interactions between organisms and their
environments.},
	keywords = {EF-1115210},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0351},
	url = {https://www.idigbio.org/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/PSoltis\%20et\%20al\%20PhilTransRoySoc2014.pdf},
	author = {Pamela S. Soltis and Liu, Xiaoxian and Marchant, D. Blaine and Visger, Clayton J. and Douglas E. Soltis}
}
@article {1552,
	title = {Polyploidy and novelty: Gottlieb{\textquoteright}s legacy},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
	volume = {369},
	year = {2014},
	abstract = {Nearly four decades ago, Roose \& Gottlieb (Roose \& Gottlieb 1976 Evolution 30, 818{\textendash}830. (doi:10.2307/2407821)) showed that the recently derived allotetraploids Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus combined the allozyme profiles of their diploid parents (T. dubius and T. porrifolius, and T. dubius and T. pratensis, respectively). This classic paper addressed the link between genotype and biochemical phenotype and documented enzyme additivity in allopolyploids. Perhaps more important than their model of additivity, however, was their demonstration of novelty at the biochemical level. Enzyme multiplicity{\textemdash}the production of novel enzyme forms in the allopolyploids{\textemdash}can provide an extensive array of polymorphism for a polyploid individual and may explain, for example, the expanded ranges of polyploids relative to their diploid progenitors. In this paper, we extend the concept of evolutionary novelty in allopolyploids to a range of genetic and ecological features. We observe that the dynamic nature of polyploid genomes{\textemdash}with alterations in gene content, gene number, gene arrangement, gene expression and transposon activity{\textemdash}may generate sufficient novelty that every individual in a polyploid population or species may be unique. Whereas certain combinations of these features will undoubtedly be maladaptive, some unique combinations of newly generated variation may provide tremendous evolutionary potential and adaptive capabilities.},
	keywords = {Gottlieb, novelty, polyploidy},
	doi = {10.1098/rstb.2013.0351},
	url = {http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/369/1648/20130351.abstract},
	author = {Soltis, Pamela S. and Liu, Xiaoxian and Marchant, D. Blaine and Visger, Clayton J. and Soltis, Douglas E.}
}
