@inbook {2111,
	title = {Simplifying Extract-Transform-Load for Ranked Hierarchical Trees via Mapping Specifications},
	booktitle = {Formalisms for Reuse and Systems Integration},
	series = {Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing},
	volume = {346},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {203-225},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	organization = {Springer International Publishing},
	abstract = {A popular approach to deal with data integration of heterogeneous data sources is to Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) data from disparate sources into a consolidated data store while addressing integration challenges including, but not limited to: structural differences in the source and target schemas, semantic differences in their vocabularies, and data encoding. This work focuses on the integration of tree-like hierarchical data or information that when modeled as a relational schema can take the shape of a flat schema, a self-referential schema or a hybrid schema. Examples include evolutionary taxonomies, geological time scales, and organizational charts. Given the observed complexity in developing ETL processes for this particular but common type of data, our work focuses on reducing the time and effort required to map and transform this data. Our research automates and simplifies all possible transformations involving ranked self-referential and flat representations, by: (a) proposing MSL+, an extension to IBM{\textquoteright}s Mapping Specification Language (MSL), to succinctly express the mapping between schemas while hiding the actual transformation implementation complexity from the user, and (b) implementing a transformation component for the Talend open-source ETL platform, called Tree Transformer (TT). We evaluated MSL+ and TT, in the context of biodiversity data integration, where this class of transformations is a recurring pattern. We demonstrate the effectiveness of MSL+ with respect to development time savings as well as a 2 to 25-fold performance improvement in transformation time achieved by TT when compared to existing implementations and to Talend built-in components.},
	keywords = {Data Integration, data transformation, EF-1115210, ETL, flat schema, hierarchical tree, mapping language, MSL, schema mapping, self-referential schema},
	issn = {978-3-319-16576-9},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-16577-6_9},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16577-6_9},
	author = {Soomro, Sarfaraz and Matsunaga, Andr{\'e}a and Fortes, Jos{\'e} A.B.},
	editor = {Bouabana-Tebibel, Thouraya and Rubin, Stuart H.}
}
